Appendix A List of Acronyms

DER	Distributed Energy Resource
GW	Gateway
IP	Internet Protocol
ISO	Optical disk image in International Standards Organization 9660 format
IT	Information Technology
LAN	Local Area Network
LTE	Long Term Evolution
NCCoE	National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence
NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology
OT	Operational Technology
OVA	Open Virtualization Appliance
PV	Photovoltaic
SIEM	Security Information and Event Management
SP	Special Publication
vLAN	Virtual Local Area Network
VM	Virtual Machine
UMD	University of Maryland

Appendix B Software for Using Immutably

This appendix presents the software used to send records to the command register. This same software, with minor variations, is used in the distribution ops system, front end processor, and microgrid master controller.

import requests

import json

from requests_oauthlib import OAuth1, OAuth1Session

from pyModbusTCP.client import ModbusClient

from pyModbusTCP.server import ModbusServer, DataBank

from time import sleep

class Proofworks:

   def __init__(self):

      self.host = 'https://immutably.client.cxl.io/api'

      self.key = 'kXHeHvHnwEDeGFPOmjTs39Oest42WxmXz62y1LfJ'

      self.secret ='GiXxoeWk26DnFUloSn3rQQ97tZHm7SGdK86au5bLqTJtIHuzrzK6nd0J4lqArYrI'

      self.realm ='74b8e784-242b-11e8-b467-0ed5f89f718b.0d091c52-2431-11e8-b467-0ed5f89f718b.fee64f24-f8c5-4406-953e-3705cccd9c3c'

      self.project_id = 'b269de55-8c42-482f-a0cb-2077c3f9be9f'

      self.session = None

   def login(self):

      payload = json.dumps({

         "key": self.key,

         "secret": self.secret,

         "realm": self.realm

      })

      headers = {

         'Content-Type': 'application/vnd.io.cxl.credentials.consumer-key+json',

         'Authorization': 'OAuth realm="realm",oauth_consumer_key="key",oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1",oauth_timestamp="1504127763",oauth_nonce="6ULC6xT4Fxi",oauth_version="1.0", oauth_signature="%2BegGM2djZ032sy7MyTwpfnqByZg%3D"'

      }

      oauth = OAuth1(self.key, client_secret=self.secret)

      response = requests.request("POST", f"{self.host}/authc/login", auth=oauth, headers=headers, data=payload)

      token = str(response.json()['access-token'])

      self.session = OAuth1Session(self.key, client_secret=self.secret, resource_owner_key=token, realm=self.realm)

   def get_total_proofs_in_project(self):

      response = self.session.get(

         f"{self.host}/proofworks/projects/{self.project_id}/proofs", timeout=10,

      )

      r = response.json()

      return r.get('count')

   def create_proof(self, source, NetRealEnergy, V_LL, Current, Frequency):

      headers = {

         "Content-Type": "application/json"

      }

      proof = json.dumps([

         {"==": ["source: ", source]},

         {"==": ["Real Energy - Net: ", NetRealEnergy]},

         {"==": ["Voltage - L-L: ", V_LL]},

         {"==": ["Current: ", Current]},

         {"==": ["Frequency: ", Frequency]}

      ])

      response = self.session.post(

         f"{self.host}/proofworks/projects/{self.project_id}/proofs",

         data=proof,

         timeout=10,

         headers=headers,

      )

Appendix C References

C1

Xage Security, Xage Security Fabric Installation Guide, Version 3.2.0, February 2021.