Appendix A List of Acronyms¶
AAA |
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting |
ACL |
Access Control List |
API |
Application Programming Interface |
CMS |
Cryptographic Message Syntax |
COA |
Change of Authorization |
CRADA |
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement |
DB |
Database |
DDoS |
Distributed Denial of Service |
Devkit |
Development Kit |
DHCP |
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol |
DNS |
Domain Name System |
GCA |
Global Cyber Alliance |
HTTP |
Hypertext Transfer Protocol |
HTTPS |
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure |
IOS |
Cisco’s Internetwork Operating System |
IoT |
Internet of Things |
IP |
Internet Protocol |
IPv4 |
Internet Protocol Version 4 |
IPv6 |
Internet Protocol Version 6 |
IT |
Information Technology |
JSON |
JavaScript Object Notation |
LAN |
Local Area Network |
LED |
Light-Emitting Diode |
LLDP |
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (IEEE 802.1AB) |
MAB |
MAC Authentication Bypass |
MAC |
Media Access Control |
MQTT |
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport |
MUD |
Manufacturer Usage Description |
NAS |
Network Access Server |
NAT |
Network Address Translation |
NCCoE |
National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence |
NIST |
National Institute of Standards and Technology |
OS |
Operating System |
PoE |
Power over Ethernet |
RADIUS |
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service |
REST |
Representational State Transfer |
RFC |
Request for Comments |
SDN |
Software-Defined Networking |
SP |
Special Publication |
SSH |
Secure Shell |
SSL |
Secure Sockets Layer |
TCP |
Transmission Control Protocol |
TCP/IP |
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol |
TLS |
Transport Layer Security |
UDP |
User Datagram Protocol |
UI |
User Interface |
URL |
Uniform Resource Locator |
Vi |
Visual |
VLAN |
Virtual Local Area Network |
VNC |
Virtual Network Computing |
WAN |
Wide Area Network |
Appendix B Glossary¶
Audit |
Independent review and examination of records and activities to assess the adequacy of system controls to ensure compliance with established policies and operational procedures (NIST SP 800-12 Rev. 1). |
Best Practice |
A procedure that has been shown by research and experience to produce optimal results and that is established or proposed as a standard suitable for widespread adoption (Merriam-Webster) |
Botnet |
The word “botnet” is formed from the words “robot” and “network.” Cybercriminals use special Trojan viruses to breach the security of several usersʼ computers, take control of each computer, and organize all of the infected machines into a network of “bots” that the criminal can remotely manage. (https://usa.kaspersky.com/resource-center/threats/botnet-attacks) |
Control |
A measure that is modifying risk (Note: Controls include any process, policy, device, practice, or other actions that modify risk) (NISTIR 8053). |
Denial of Service |
The prevention of authorized access to a system resource or the delaying of system operations and functions (NIST SP 800-82 Rev. 2). |
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) |
A denial of service technique that uses numerous hosts to perform the attack (NISTIR 7711). |
Managed Devices |
Personal computers, laptops, mobile devices, virtual machines, and infrastructure components require management agents, allowing information technology staff to discover, maintain, and control these devices. Those with broken or missing agents cannot be seen or managed by agent-based security products. |
Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) |
A component-based architecture specified in Request for Comments (RFC) 8250 that is designed to provide a means for end devices to signal to the network what sort of access and network functionality they require to properly function |
Mapping |
Depiction of how data from one information source maps to data from another information source |
Mitigate |
To make less severe or painful or to cause to become less harsh or hostile (Merriam-Webster). |
MUD-Capable |
An IoT device that is capable of emitting a MUD uniform resource locator (URL) in compliance with the MUD specification |
Network Address Translation (NAT) |
A function by which internet protocol (IP) addresses within a packet are replaced with different IP addresses. This function is most commonly performed by either routers or firewalls. It enables private IP networks that use unregistered IP addresses to connect to the internet. NAT operates on a router, usually connecting two networks together, and translates the private (not globally unique) addresses in the internal network into legal addresses before packets are forwarded to another network. |
Non-MUD-Capable |
An IoT device that is not capable of emitting a MUD URL in compliance with the MUD specification (RFC 8250). |
Policy |
Statements, rules, or assertions that specify the correct or expected behavior of an entity. For example, an authorization policy might specify the correct access control rules for a software component (NIST SP 800-95 and NISTIR 7621 Rev. 1). |
Policy Enforcement Point |
A network device on which policy decisions are carried out or enforced |
Risk |
The net negative impact of the exercise of a vulnerability, considering both the probability and the impact of occurrence. Risk management is the process of identifying risk, assessing risk, and taking steps to reduce risk to an acceptable level (NIST SP 800-30). |
Router |
A computer that is a gateway between two networks at open systems interconnection layer 3 and that relays and directs data packets through that internetwork. The most common form of router operates on IP packets (NIST SP 800-82 Rev. 2). |
Security Control |
A safeguard or countermeasure prescribed for an information system or an organization, which is designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its information and to meet a set of defined security requirements (NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4). |
Server |
A computer or device on a network that manages network resources. Examples are file servers (to store files), print servers (to manage one or more printers), network servers (to manage network traffic), and database servers (to process database queries) (NIST SP 800-47). |
Shall |
A requirement that must be met unless a justification of why it cannot be met is given and accepted (NISTIR 5153). |
Should |
This term is used to indicate an important recommendation. Ignoring the recommendation could result in undesirable results (NIST SP 800-108). |
Threat |
Any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, or individuals through an information system via unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of information, and/or denial of service. Also, the potential for a threat source to successfully exploit a particular information system vulnerability (Federal Information Processing Standards 200). |
Threat Signaling |
Real-time signaling of DDoS-related telemetry and threat-handling requests and data between elements concerned with DDoS attack detection, classification, traceback, and mitigation (https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/rolling-plan-ict-standardisation/cybersecurity-network-and-information-security). |
Traffic Filter |
An entry in an access control list that is installed on the router or switch to enforce access controls on the network |
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) |
A reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol (hypertext transfer protocol [http]), a host name (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html). Also sometimes referred to as a web address. |
Update |
New, improved, or fixed software, which replaces older versions of the same software. For example, updating an OS brings it up-to-date with the latest drivers, system utilities, and security software. Updates are often provided by the software publisher free of charge (https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/u/update.htm). |
Update Server |
A server that provides patches and other software updates to Internet of Things devices |
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) |
A broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated within a network at the data link layer. A single physical local area network (LAN) can be logically partitioned into multiple, independent VLANs; a group of devices on one or more physical LANs can be configured to communicate within the same VLAN as if they were attached to the same physical LAN. |
Vulnerability |
Weakness in an information system, system security procedures, internal controls, or implementation that could be exploited or triggered by a threat source (NIST SP 800-37 Rev. 2). |
Appendix C Bibliography¶
Apache HTTP Server Project documentation, Version 2.4. Compiling and Installing Apache [Website]. Available: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/install.html.
Apache HTTP Server Project documentation, Version 2.4. Apache SSL/TLS Encryption [Website]. Available: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/ssl/ssl_howto.html.
Cisco. Cisco Developer MUD Manager GitHub page [Website]. Available: https://github.com/CiscoDevNet/MUD-Manager/tree/1.0#dependancies.
DigiCert. Advanced CertCentral Getting Started Guide, Version 9.2 [Website]. Available: https://docs.digicert.com/get-started/.
DigiCert. CertCentral Client Certificate Guide, Version 1.9 [Website]. Available: https://docs.digicert.com/manage-certificates/client-certificates-guide/.
DigiCert. Order your SSL/TLS certificates [Website]. Available: https://docs.digicert.com/manage-certificates/order-your-ssltls-certificates/.
DigiCert. SSL Certificate Support [Website]. Available: https://www.digicert.com/security-certificate-support/.
Forescout. (2018, Feb.) ForeScout CounterAct Device Profile Library Configuration Guide [Website]. Available: https://www.Forescout.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CounterACT_Device_Profile_Library.pdf.
Forescout. ForeScout CounterAct® Installation Guide, Version 8.0.1 [Website]. Available: https://docs.forescout.com/bundle/Installation_Guide_8.0.1/resource/Installation_Guide_8.0.1.pdf
Forescout. (2018, Feb.) ForeScout CounterAct IoT Posture Assessment Library Configuration Guide [Website]. Available: https://www.Forescout.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CounterACT_IoT_Posture_Assessment_Library-1.pdf.
Forescout. ForeScout CounterAct eyeExtend Connect Module, Version 1.7 [Website]. Available: https://docs.forescout.com/bundle/connect-module-1-7-rn/page/connect-module-1-7-rn.About-eyeExtend-Connect-Module-1.7.html
Forescout. (2018, Feb.) ForeScout CounterAct Windows Applications Configuration Guide [Website]. Available: https://www.Forescout.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CounterACT_Windows_Applications.pdf.
Forescout. (2018, Feb.) ForeScout CounterAct Windows Vulnerability DB Configuration Guide [Website]. Available: https://www.Forescout.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CounterACT_Windows_Vulnerability_DB_18.0.2.pdf.
Forescout. HPS NIC Vendor DB Configuration Guide, Version 1.2.4 [Website]. Available: https://www.Forescout.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/HPS_NIC_Vendor_DB_1.2.4.pdf.
IETF Request for Comments (RFC) 8520. (2019, Mar.) “Manufacturer Usage Description Specification” [Online]. Available: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8520.
Welcome to MUD File maker! [Website]. Available: https://www.mudmaker.org/.